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6 SIGMA is a philosophy, methodology and tool created and structured to reduce process variability and consequently impact positively on products, services and results.  The Greek letter sigma (s), is utilized in the statistics to represent the "standard deviation".  6 Sigma  acts on processes, controlling variables and optimizing the operations.  When a level of 6 SIGMA is reached, there will only be 3,4 defects per million opportunities. 

There are numerous excellent examples of companies applying statistical methods to improve their competitiveness by the elimination or minimization of defects in products and services and thereby improving financial results.

We can define "defects" as waste, imperfection, deficiency, inefficiencies, breakdown, cost of non quality,  or in general a “defect” can be anything that generates the dissatisfaction of the client that probably will result in lost revenues or increased costs.